"""
实时风险指标计算引擎
============

实时计算各类风险指标，支持：
- 持仓风险指标计算
- 动态VaR计算
- 实时回撤监控
- 流动性风险计算
"""
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
from datetime import datetime
from dataclasses import dataclass
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np


@dataclass
class RiskMetrics:
    """风险指标结果"""
    timestamp: datetime
    total_value: float           # 总资产
    position_value: float         # 持仓市值
    cash_value: float            # 现金
    position_pct: float          # 仓位比例
    daily_return: float          # 日收益率
    daily_drawdown: float        # 日回撤
    total_drawdown: float        # 总回撤
    max_drawdown: float          # 最大回撤
    var_95: float              # 95%置信度VaR
    var_99: float              # 99%置信度VaR
    volatility: float          # 波动率
    concentration_pct: float    # 最大持仓集中度
    
    def to_dict(self) -> Dict:
        """转换为字典"""
        return {
            'timestamp': self.timestamp.isoformat(),
            'total_value': self.total_value,
            'position_value': self.position_value,
            'cash_value': self.cash_value,
            'position_pct': self.position_pct,
            'daily_return': self.daily_return,
            'daily_drawdown': self.daily_drawdown,
            'total_drawdown': self.total_drawdown,
            'max_drawdown': self.max_drawdown,
            'var_95': self.var_95,
            'var_99': self.var_99,
            'volatility': self.volatility,
            'concentration_pct': self.concentration_pct,
        }


class RealTimeRiskCalculator:
    """实时风险指标计算引擎"""
    
    def __init__(self, 
                 window_size: int = 252,
                 confidence_levels: List[float] = [0.95, 0.99]):
        """初始化"""
        self.window_size = window_size
        self.confidence_levels = confidence_levels
        
        # 历史净值记录
        self.net_values: List[Tuple[datetime, float]] = []
        # 历史收益率记录
        self.returns: List[float] = []
        # 最高净值
        self.max_net_value: float = 0.0
        
        # 持仓信息
        self.positions: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
        # 价格缓存
        self.prices: Dict[str, float] = {}
        
        # 计算结果缓存
        self.last_metrics: Optional[RiskMetrics] = None
    
    def update_net_value(self, timestamp: datetime, net_value: float) -> None:
        """更新净值"""
        if self.net_values:
            last_value = self.net_values[-1][1]
            if last_value > 0:
                ret = (net_value - last_value) / last_value
                self.returns.append(ret)
        
        self.net_values.append((timestamp, net_value))
        if net_value > self.max_net_value:
            self.max_net_value = net_value
        
        # 保持窗口大小
        if len(self.returns) > self.window_size:
            self.returns.pop(0)
    
    def update_position(self, symbol: str, volume: int, price: float, 
                       market_value: float) -> None:
        """更新持仓"""
        self.positions[symbol] = {
            'volume': volume,
            'price': price,
            'market_value': market_value
        }
        self.prices[symbol] = price
    
    def remove_position(self, symbol: str) -> None:
        """移除持仓"""
        if symbol in self.positions:
            del self.positions[symbol]
        if symbol in self.prices:
            del self.prices[symbol]
    
    def calculate_var(self, returns: List[float], confidence: float) -> float:
        """计算VaR（风险价值）- 历史模拟法"""
        if not returns:
            return 0.0
        
        returns_sorted = sorted(returns)
        index = int(len(returns_sorted) * (1 - confidence))
        if index >= len(returns_sorted):
            index = len(returns_sorted) - 1
        
        return -returns_sorted[index]
    
    def calculate_volatility(self, returns: List[float]) -> float:
        """计算波动率（年化）"""
        if len(returns) < 2:
            return 0.0
        
        std = np.std(returns, ddof=1)
        # 年化（252个交易日）
        return std * np.sqrt(252)
    
    def calculate_concentration(self, total_position: float) -> float:
        """计算最大持仓集中度"""
        if not self.positions or total_position <= 0:
            return 0.0
        
        max_value = max(p['market_value'] for p in self.positions.values())
        return max_value / total_position
    
    def calculate_drawdowns(self, current_net_value: float) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
        """计算各类回撤"""
        if not self.net_values or self.max_net_value <= 0:
            return (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
        
        if len(self.net_values) < 2:
            return (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
        
        prev_net_value = self.net_values[-2][1]
        # 日回撤
        daily_drawdown = (prev_net_value - current_net_value) / prev_net_value if prev_net_value > 0 else 0
        daily_drawdown = max(daily_drawdown, 0)
        
        # 总回撤
        total_drawdown = (self.max_net_value - current_net_value) / self.max_net_value
        total_drawdown = max(total_drawdown, 0)
        
        # 最大回撤（从历史记录计算）
        if len(self.net_values) >= 2:
            peak = self.net_values[0][1]
            max_dd = 0.0
            for _, nv in self.net_values[1:]:
                if nv > peak:
                    peak = nv
                else:
                    dd = (peak - nv) / peak
                    if dd > max_dd:
                        max_dd = dd
            return (daily_drawdown, total_drawdown, max_dd)
        
        return (daily_drawdown, total_drawdown, 0.0)
    
    def calculate_all_metrics(self, timestamp: datetime, 
                            total_capital: float, cash: float) -> RiskMetrics:
        """计算所有风险指标"""
        current_total = cash + sum(p['market_value'] for p in self.positions.values())
        position_total = sum(p['market_value'] for p in self.positions.values())
        
        # 计算仓位比例
        position_pct = position_total / current_total if current_total > 0 else 0
        
        # 当前净值
        if not self.net_values:
            self.update_net_value(timestamp, current_total)
        
        # 计算VaR
        var_95 = self.calculate_var(self.returns, 0.95)
        var_99 = self.calculate_var(self.returns, 0.99)
        
        # 计算波动率
        volatility = self.calculate_volatility(self.returns)
        
        # 计算集中度
        concentration = self.calculate_concentration(position_total)
        
        # 计算回撤
        daily_dd, total_dd, max_dd = self.calculate_drawdowns(current_total)
        
        # 日收益率
        if len(self.returns) > 0:
            daily_ret = self.returns[-1] if self.returns else 0
        else:
            daily_ret = 0
        
        metrics = RiskMetrics(
            timestamp=timestamp,
            total_value=current_total,
            position_value=position_total,
            cash_value=cash,
            position_pct=position_pct,
            daily_return=daily_ret,
            daily_drawdown=daily_dd,
            total_drawdown=total_dd,
            max_drawdown=max_dd,
            var_95=var_95,
            var_99=var_99,
            volatility=volatility,
            concentration_pct=concentration
        )
        
        self.last_metrics = metrics
        return metrics